Theme of Isolation in The Awakening Essays - 787 Words

Theme of Isolation in The Awakening One theme apparent in Kate Chopins novel, The Awakening, is the consequence of solitude when independence is chosen over conformity. The novels protagonist, Edna Pontellier, is faced with this consequence after she embarks on a journey of self-discovery. As Ednas ability to express herself grows, the number of people who can understand her newfound language shrinks (Ward 3). Ednas awakening from a conforming, Victorian wife and mother, into an emotional and sexual woman takes place through the use of self-expression in three forms: emotional language, art, and physical passion. The first form of self-expression Edna learns is the emotional language spoken by the Creole†¦show more content†¦Chopin notes, Perhaps it was the first time she was ready, perhaps the first time her being was tempered to take an impress of the abiding truth (699). Mlle. Reisz feels the music is a mode of communication between Edna and herself. This prompts her to tell Edna during a party, You are the only one worth playing for (Chopin 700). The music calls to something within Edna, which further wakes her from the slumber of domesticity. As Edna realizes the expressive nature of music, she wants to apply this expression to her painting. She seeks the encouragement of her first teacher of expression, Madame Ratignolle, hoping her kind words will help her put her heart into her venture (Chopin 723). When Edna surrendered to the service of art her husband noted, she was not herself. That is, he could not see the she was becoming herself (Chopin 724). Self-expressio n through art progresses Edna in her new sense of self, but one more form must be learned to complete her transformation. Lastly, Edna explores self-expression in her own physical passion. Her romantic relationships with Alcee and, most importantly, Robert, give her the means to express love and passion she had preciously repressed. When Edna first explores these sexual feelings she, as Davis states, succumbs to the seductions of a rouà ©, Alcee Arobin, withoutShow MoreRelated Theme of Isolation in Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums and Chopin’s The Awakening1619 Words   |  7 PagesDespite differing story lines, Charlotte Gilman’s The Yellow Wallpaper, John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums and Kate Chopin’s The Awakening, depict the same suffering; the isolation that women have been forced to endure throughout history. In the time period that all three characters were placed, it was culturally acceptable for wives to be dominated by their husbands; their responsibility revolving around the needs of their children and those of the ir spouse. Most women simply did not have a meansRead MoreEssay about The Awakening1491 Words   |  6 Pages The Awakening nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The novel, The Awakening by Kate Chopin, was written in the late nineteenth century in St. Louis after her husband Oscar died of a severe illness. Her book appeared in 1899, after she was idolized by many novels written by Darwin and Sarah Orne Jewett. Her first attempts at writing were just brief sketches for a local newspaper that was only short descriptions of her life in Louisiana. However, Chopin’s interests had always run along more risky linesRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Cathedral `` By Raymond Carver920 Words   |  4 Pagesperspective opens a clear window into the feelings, attitudes, and the isolation of the unnamed narrator. The narrator’s tone of voice reveals his feelings and personality. This contributes to the story’s themes because the reader comes to understand things that the narrator never directly or deliberately reveals; as a result, the reader comes to empathize with the narrator more deeply. Isolation and loneliness are prevalent themes in â€Å"Cathedral†. Appropriately, the narrator is insular and narrow-mindedRead MoreThe Awakening By Kate Chopin954 Words   |  4 Pagesworks as a method to rebel against the Industrial Revolution. Among the most important pieces of this period I consider The Awakening written by Kate Chopin as a Romantic novel. Even though it has been a subject of debate among critics on whether to consider it as a Romantic or Realistic novel, I still believe it represents more Romantic ideologies and concerns. The Awakening narrates the difficult journey of the main character named Edna Pontellier, a twenty-eight years old woman, and her constantRead MoreThoreau’s Journey: Problem, Need, Lifestyle, and Revelation Essay1287 Words   |  6 Pagesliving in a cabin near Walden Pond is considered a seminal work of early American transcendentalism. Thoreau never explicitly reveals the spiritual truth at the end of his journey. Still, a discerning Christian reader can note the main transcendental themes and ideals that Thoreau demonstrates, separating that which should be applauded from that which should be rejected. Thoreau sees mankind’s self-alienation as the fundamental problem in society. In the opening chapter of the book, â€Å"Economy,† ThoreauRead MoreMajor Works Data Sheet: the Awakening by Kate Chopin1444 Words   |  6 PagesIB English HL Major Works Data Sheet: The Awakening | | |Author: Kate Chopin Year of publication: 1899 | | | | Read More Epiphany in Araby of James Joyces Dubliners Essay848 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand him. Araby is centered on an epiphany, and is concerned with a failure or deception, which results in realization and disillusionment. The meaning is revealed in a young boys psychic journey from love to despair and disappointment, and the theme is found in the boys discovery of the discrepancy between the real and the ideal in life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The story opens with a description of North Richmond Street, a blind, cold ... .. silent street where the houses gazed at one an-other withRead MoreModernism and Existential Loneliness Demonstrated in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness and James Joyces The Dead855 Words   |  4 PagesConrad and Joyce incorporate one of the key characteristics of modernism throughout their works, Conrad in Heart of Darkness and Joyce in The Dead. The key characteristic that each writer targets in on is existential loneliness. It is a predominant theme throughout both of their works. A working definition of existential loneliness as illustrated throughout Conrad and Joyce’s works is the inability of one character to feel accepted by his or her peers, regardless of the close proximities that he orRead MoreThe Awakening: My Critical Essay2618 Words   |  11 Pagesthe novel is The Awakening by Kate Chopin. Setting and its Significance The Awakening is set in New Orleans at the end of the Victorian era. The significance of the novel being set in the Victorian era is the way women are treated and looked at. For a typical Victorian woman, she was expected to be faithful and do what the husband desires, take care of the children, and basically be entertainment for man. If affects the novel because the main character will go through awakenings that will challengeRead MoreGood Country People, by Flannery OConnor1499 Words   |  6 Pagesis conned by Manley Pointer and left immobile in the loft of a barn deep within a forest. Besides being a bildungsroman, O’Connor also incorporates themes of the Modernist movement into this short work such as isolation, alienation, loss of control, and incoherence of the modern world. O’Connor designed the character of Joy to encompass the isolation of the Modernist movement.To distinguish and remove herself from the people around her, Joy seeks a PhD in Philosophy thus creating an educational barrier

Late Adulthood Essay - 776 Words

Late Adulthood (age 60 – 80) nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;During this closing period in the life span of human beings, people tend to â€Å"move away† from previous more desirable periods often known as â€Å"usefulness†. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Age sixty is usually considered the dividing line between middle and old age. It is the time where you are considered an â€Å"elderly†- meaning somewhat old or advanced beyond middle age. Period of decline – comes partly from physical and partly psychological factors. The physical cause of decline is a change in the body cells due to the effects of the aging process. The psychological cause of decline has something to do with unfavorable attitudes towards oneself, other people, work and life†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hair becomes gray or white and lessens Trunk Region – nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shoulders stoop and seem smaller nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Abdomen bulges and droops nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hips become flabbier and broader nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Woman’s breasts sag and droop Limbs – nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The upper arm becomes flabby and heavy nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Lower arms seem to shrink nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Hands and feet become scrawny and veins begin to appear nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Nails become thick and brittle nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Internal Changes – nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Bones become brittle and are subject to fractures andShow MoreRelatedLate Adulthood Observation : Early Adulthood1541 Words   |  7 PagesLate Adulthood Observation The group I chose to observe is late adulthood. I proceeded to observe late adulthood people at the Eagle’s Bingo. The group participating in Bingo is a large group and consists of men and women, with very few young people. I observed the players for quite a long time and found the experience interesting. I noticed many different interactions among the group members but the most important is a lack of exclusion of any member from the group. The group consisted of peopleRead MoreEarly Adulthood : Adolescence, Middle Adulthood, And Late Adulthood1921 Words   |  8 Pagespeople in different stages of their adulthood which include: early adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood. For early adulthood, I asked someone who was in one of my classes because I wanted to have the perspective of someone who was going through college and wanted to know how they viewed their goals. For middle adulthood, I asked my mother because since we have a close relationship, I would be able t o elaborate more on her answers. For late adulthood, I had asked one of the residents fromRead MoreSummary of Young Adulthood and Late Adulthood Essay608 Words   |  3 PagesPhysical: While young adults do not grow significantly taller in their 20s, they typically grow stronger and healthier as their bodies reach adult size. In terms of overall health, as well as peak physical condition, early adulthood is the prime of life. With each year from 20 to 40, signs of senescence-the state of physical decline, in which the body gradually becomes less strong and efficient with age-become more apparent. All the body systems gradually become less efficient (though at differentRead MoreThe Value Of Aging : Late Adulthood1111 Words   |  5 PagesThe Value of Aging Late adulthood is a time many people tend to suppress in their minds. Late adulthood is often considered a time of physical and mental decline, but in reality for many older adults it is a time of mental and spiritual growth. During late adulthood, people tend to start reflecting on their lives and what is really important. During younger ages, people tend to focus on things that may not matter in the future, and spend time worrying about things that are unimportant. ThroughRead MoreLate Adulthood2745 Words   |  11 Pagessocial and physical activity; living arrangement; marital status; socio-economic status, and sociopolitical and sociocultural influences. Our objective in this paper is to explore these factors and how they influence life satisfaction in late adulthood. With late adulthood individuals may have accrued considerable life experience, which may be considered a significant internal resource. However, they may also have huge external resources in health and socio e conomic status. Personal Factors InternalRead MoreEssay on Late Adulthood1511 Words   |  7 Pages4/15/2010 FOREWORD   The journey through late adulthood can be experienced in different ways. One particular movie entitled â€Å"The Bucket List† exhibits an astounding portrayal of late adulthood. In fact, there are many accounts that the movie entails about late-adulthood. This includes the illustration of Erickson’s late adulthood stage – â€Å"Ego Integrity vs. Despair,† wisdom, marriage, friendship, parent-child relationship, and death and dying in late adulthood. Having given less than a year to liveRead MoreLate Adulthood705 Words   |  3 PagesJamia E. Phoenix January 19, 2016 Colorado Christian University In 1973, Phillip K. Zimbardo, a psychology professor at Stanford University. Zimbardo researching how prisoners and guards learned submissive and authoritarian roles. There was an ad placed in the newspaper by Zimbardo seeking male subjects to participate in his research experiment. There was a $15 per day compensation offered to the chosen participants. There were roughly 75 people to respond to the professors ad. However thereRead MoreRelationship Between Adulthood And Late Adulthood944 Words   |  4 PagesJournal #8: Relationships Young Adulthood to Late Adulthood During early adulthood ages twenty to forty, people enter the achieving stage according to the developmental psychologist K. Warner Shaie. In this stage young adults begin to be more focused on making decisions on what to do for the rest of their lives and whom to form relationships with. These decisions will soon make up the core of their happiness throughout adulthood. According to the psychologist Erik Erikson, this challenge of formingRead MoreLate Adulthood Essay788 Words   |  4 PagesLate Adulthood (age 60 Ââ€" 80) During this closing period in the life span of human beings, people tend to move away from previous more desirable periods often known as usefulness. Age sixty is usually considered the dividing line between middle and old age. It is the time where you are considered an elderly- meaning somewhat old or advanced beyond middle age. Period of decline Ââ€" comes partly from physical and partly psychological factors. The physical cause of decline is a changeRead MoreEssay on Late Adulthood1394 Words   |  6 PagesLate Adulthood Late adulthood is known as the period of life after middle adulthood, usually from around 65 years old to death (Santrock, 2013, p. 485). There are many varying stages of development and health in late adulthood, along with steady changing of life expectancy. Aging is a part of life, and with it comes changes in every area of living. Many diseases find late adulthood as an opportune time to affect people. Eventually, whether caused by disease or another reason, every individual dies

Youth violence free essay sample

Violence by young people is one of the most visible forms of violence. Both fatal and non-fatal assaults involving young people contribute greatly to the global burden of premature death, injury and disability. Youth violence deeply harms not only its victims, but also their families, friends and communities. There are close links between youth violence and other forms of violence. Violent young people frequently commit a range of crimes and display other social and psychological problems. BODY: Address the developmental pathways of delinquency and violent behavior and the context in which these behaviors occur and some of the challenges associated with disrupting these pathways and preventing violence. What has already been done to prevent youth violence? The most common interventions seek to change individual’s attitudes and beliefs. They are designed to help children and adolescents manage anger, resolve conflict, and develop the necessary social skills to solve problems. Another common set of prevention strategies addressing youth violence focus on early intervention with children and families. These programs provide parents with discipline monitor and supervise children, as well as how to manage family conflict and improve communication. Community and societal approaches: range from public information campaigns and community policing to improve settings such as schools and hospitals. Also legislative, judicial and educational reforms as well as other policy reforms designed to mitigate the effects of rapid social change to tackle violence among youths. There are no known strong risk factors for youth violence in the family domain, but low socioeconomic status/poverty and having antisocial parents are moderate factors. Poorly educated parents may be unable to help their children with schoolwork and children living in poor neighborhoods generally have less access to recreational and cultural opportunities. Many poor families live in violent neighborhoods, and exposure to violence can adversely affect both parents and children. Limited social and economic resources contribute to parental stress, child abuse and neglect, damaged parent-child relations, and family breakup all risk factors. Violent, criminal parents represent an environmental rather than a genetic risk factor. Children learn violent behavior by observing their parents rather than by inheriting a propensity for violence. Children need reasonable, consistent discipline to establish the boundaries of acceptable and unacceptable behavior. Children who are treated harshly may view rough treatment as acceptable, those who are given no guidance may engage in whatever behavior gets them what they want. Broken homes: includes divorced, separated or never-married parents and a childs separation from parents before age 16. Abusive parenting in general and neglect in particular are predictors of later violence. Neglected children are less likely to be supervised or taught appropriate behavior.

President Gerald Ford Essays - Vice Presidents Of The United States

President Gerald Ford Outline I. Introduction II. Early Life III. Presidency IV. Conclusion V. Bibliography Introduction Ford may not be the most important president during his time, but he did more than some presidents did for the people. One of them was raising their spirits and hopes for the people to the government. He helped people gain confidence in their president again after losing confidence with Nixon. He set new records and started getting the United States on its feet again after having a very hard time in the past. He started his presidency with an oath on August 9, 1974 which he said - "Our long national nightmare is over (4, page 422)" which started his presidency. Early Life Ford had a more interesting early life than he had during his presidency. He was born in Omaha Nebraska on July 14, 1913. He wasn't always called Gerald Ford, his original name was Leslie Lynch King Jr. His parents were Leslie and Dorothy King. When his parents got divorced while he was two, his mother married a man named Gerald R. Ford from whom he got his most widely known name. Together, they moved to Grand Rapids Michigan (1, Page 1). During his High School years, he was the most popular Senior having been a great athlete and competing within 5 sports, his best being Football. Being good at Football, he got a M.V.P, a scholarship to Michigan with a Football scholarship and was offered a contract by the Green Bay Packers and the Detroit Lions. He finally took a job as assistant Football coach at Yale. While at Yale, he became interested in law and asked to take courses. He was soon invited to learn law in the college and didn't graduate till he was 27 because of his late start. 1941, he set up a practice in Grand Rapids Michigan which closed after World War II (4, page 145). He joined the Navy and was discharged as lieutenant commander. He married Elizabeth Bloomer Warren and entered the Republican primary in Michigan during 1948. November, he was elected to the House of Representatives and was reelected every two years till 1973. In the House, he was know to be a moderately conservative, hardworking member of the Republican Party. In 1965, he was the Republican House leader.(1,page1) While in the House of Representatives, he announced: "A Republican of the President's domestic policies...It's going to be rough going for him around here. Congress will write the laws, not the executive branch." (3, page 29) Presidency After Agnew resigned, Ford was then nominated as Vice President from the House of Representatives. About six months later, The Watergate scandal forced Nixon to resign. Ford set records as the 1st president in history who had not been chosen in a national election as President or Vice-President. He soon pardoned Nixon for the crimes he might of commited during office. Ford wanted people to look ahead and stop worrying about Nixon and Watergate. As soon as he got in office, the country had an economic slump which had a recession combined with inflation causing a stagflation. He had other problems too, he had a running battle with the Democratic Congress. He had vetoed 61 bills and had 12 vetoes overridden. The government was pretty much deadlocked. The government had some things happen while he was in office. South Vietnam collapsed to North Vietnam in 1975 ending the 'war' there. Ford offered a conditional amnesty to Vietnam draft evaders. There was the overthrow of the Lon Nol regime in Cambodia Kampuchea by Communist forces. There was a successful rescue attempt for the recapture of the U.S. Freighter Mayaguez and its crew which were seized by Cambodian forces. We got the people back safe (1, Page 2). His economic plan was initialed W.I.P. This meant Wip Inflation Now. This said that average people could beat inflation if we all worked together. This plan was meant to include everyone in fighting the rising economic problems. He even received personal mail which said that people were listening about what he had said to them about the W.I.P. idea and what it stood for. Ford was know during these years as someone who brought new openness to the White House and how he turned the United States around for the better (4, Page 146). He was also known to let things work themselves out and how he made a firm and an instant decision. He was a great leader. It's not easy to

The Pledge essays

The Pledge essays I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America... We daily quote these words but we rarely take into consideration what its true meaning is. I believe all Americans should pledge their allegiance to our country my reasons are what follows. I shall pledge my allegiance in my teen years by taking programs such as Student Council, which I am Vice President of our Jr. High. And FCCLA when I get into high school which prepares you for your future and you do things like pick up trash for your community. In high school there is a mentoring program which involves you to help younger kids learn by tootering and mentoring them. Something I may be interested in when I get out of school may be the military. In the Navy I could keep my oath over seas, or the Air Force where I could hold it safe in the sky. Maybe the army where I could control it during a gun fight. It would be an honor to serve my country in a way I could be proud of. In the armed forces men and women sacrifice their lives to protect other Americans. So the men and women that have fought in wars should be appreciated for their courage. Another high point in my career will be politics. Politics are the base of this country they serve and hold their pledge by siting in a room discussing laws and other things important to controlling this nation. Without Politics are country would be lost. As soon as I am Eighteen I will vote for our. The main point I am coming to is that I am an American and my pledge will live on until I die and will hopefully rub off on to someone else who is in dire need. ...

Conditionals Besides If and Unless

Conditionals Besides If and Unless Conditionals Besides If and Unless Conditionals Besides If and Unless By Mark Nichol If and unless are common conditional conjunctions employed to express conjecture and uncertainty, but a number of other words and phrases that perform similar functions are discussed in this post. â€Å"Should you† is the future conditional form of â€Å"do you,† seen in formally polite requests such as â€Å"Should you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me.† It is more flexible than â€Å"if you,† which is strictly conditional in the present, in inviting the audience to contact the speaker/writer at any time, not just now. â€Å"Had you† is an example of a subject-auxiliary inversion, employed in statements such as ‘Had you bothered to ask, I would have told you.† The implication of the sentence is that the audience did not do something that, if he or she or they had, would have achieved the stated result. â€Å"If (noun/pronoun) were† statements pertain to possible but improbable occurrences or to recommendations, as in â€Å"If you were to open your eyes, you would find what you were looking for.† A more formal version of this form is â€Å"were (noun/pronoun) to (verb),† as in â€Å"Were we to think otherwise.† Several words or phrases impose conditions or set limits, such as â€Å"As long as† (less formal) or â€Å"so long as,† (more formal), â€Å"only if,† â€Å"on condition that,† and â€Å"provided† or â€Å"providing† (or â€Å"provided/providing that†). The conjunction or is used conditionally to establish an alternative possibility to a condition or state: â€Å"Hurry up, or you’ll be late.† Otherwise, as used earlier in this post, is a pronoun; as a conjunctive adverb, it serves the same function as or (but notice the difference in punctuation): â€Å"Hurry up; otherwise, you’ll be late.† (Some writing guides accept the punctuation used with or.) Suppose and supposing apply to what-if situations: â€Å"Suppose that I were to say no- what would you do?† â€Å"Supposing that I were to say no, what would you do?† Suppose also pertains to proposing an idea, as in â€Å"Suppose I pay for dinner, and you buy the movie tickets?† In â€Å"if only,† only appears as an intensifier to express a strong wish for a different condition or state, as in â€Å"If only you had told me before.† â€Å"If so† and â€Å"if not† pertain to opposite potential affirmative and negative conditions or states, respectively, when the condition or state is known: â€Å"Do you plan to attend the event? If so, click on yes. If not, click on no.† Even is also used as an intensifier with if, but unlike in the case of only, it precedes if; it pertains to extreme or surprising conditions or states, as in â€Å"Even if I were to believe you, what would you expect me to do about it?† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to Use â€Å"That,† â€Å"Which,† and â€Å"Who†35 Genres and Other Varieties of FictionAdvance vs. Advanced

Research project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Research project - Essay Example Anthropologists generally denote this with the key phrase â€Å"cultural adaptation†. The vital elements in the cultural existence of the Yanomamo cope with territory and orientation to it (Early and Peters 35) The Yanomamo are widely recognized that they are among the handful of tribes on the planet whose presence was unidentified until few recent years. They reside in the boundaries between Venezuela and Brazil, and their human population is only about 20,000 people, dispersed in various villages and split up by miles of uninhabited territory. Once the anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon travelled to this area for the very first time, the Yanomamo were staying in certain undersized villages, referred to as shabonos, and they were talking in only their native language. As per Napoleon Chagnon, they fit in the class of â€Å"Tropical Forest Indians†, known as foot people, and this describes the villagers’ disbursement over the terrain. The Yanomamo conduct involves an accumulation of features which are linked among their communities that, all through particular viewpoint, manage the intricacy of association between the facets of ethnic, environmental, and natural routines. They depend for food and shelter on the things they can collect on the rain forest. They perform hunting and accumulating, and the most typical game creatures are wild pigs, monkeys, tapirs, armadillos, birds and rodents. Caterpillars are thought to be an extremely appealing meal, exactly like the grubs that reside in the seeds of palm fruit. (Early and Peters 221) Among their local meals plantains are the most vital. Additionally they cultivate tobacco, to which each and every Yanomamo is passionate. They are mindful furthermore of the methods of â€Å"slash and burn cultivation†, the procedure for farming employed in which flora is burnt, land is cropped for quite some time (two to three years), after which the boonies retake its position. Enthusiastic hunters

Basic Quantitative Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Basic Quantitative Analysis - Essay Example (Statistical Significance, 1997) Obtained results are the results that the test demonstrates overall. The factors that are most important when determining whether these results will be satisfied are the hypothesis, the research itself, and the statistical significance of the research. Type I and Type II errors are both types of errors that can be made in significance testing. A Type I error occurs when a null hypothesis is rejected, and it should not have been rejected. A Type II error occurs when a false null hypothesis is not rejected. The probability of a Type I error is designated by the Greek letter alpha (a) and is called the Type I error rate; the probability of a Type II error (the Type II error rate) is designated by the Greek letter beta (ß) . The false positive rate can be defined, according to Type I and Type II Errors (n.d.) as: the proportion of negative instances that were erroneously reported as being positive. It is equal to 1 minus the specificity of the test. This is equivalent to saying the false positive rate is equal to the significance level. This means the false positive rate = number of false positives/total number of negative instances. According to â€Å"Type I and Type II Errors† (n.d.): â€Å"The false negative rate is the proportion of positive instances that were erroneously reported as negative. It is equal to 1 minus the power of the test. False negative rate = number of false negatives/total number of positive instances. Type II errors can be caused by a lack of sensitivity or, In many cases, an oversight. Statistical significance means that the noticed mean variations are probably not due to a sampling error. Even a small sample, if it is large enough for the test, can work for statistical significance. Practical significance, on the other hand, considers if the difference is adequate enough to be of help in a practical sense. A researcher

Library essay Essay Example for Free

Library essay Essay In this day in age, libraries are very important. There are various reasons as to why they are important. Even with many libraries closing throughout the country, they remain a necessity for youth, anyone who has to access information that it has to find on the internet. Not everything is available on the internet. There is also digital libraries which are useful but you can’t find everything you would in a library. There are something’s on the internet that when you find them it may require you to have a subscription. The internet doesn’t have an experiment librarian’s physically by your side to help at any time you would need it. One of the big reasons why libraries are important is that not everything is available to you on the internet. It is an issue because the majority of books have copyrights laws which prevents information from being put out on the internet, or becoming digital. Most writers have their information in books, and with the copyrights laws it cannot be accessed via the internet. Even if the internet has some information that you may need, having a physical book with dated information can be a much better use for getting the most information that you need. Also they have a limited database that may require you to have a subscription to find a greater deal of the content online, rather than having it all for free at a physical library with more extensive information. Another reason why libraries are important is that it is a place where people can go to study. At the library you have plenty of space to get your work done. Also there isn’t as much as a distraction due to the library having strict rules against loud noise. Most people find it hard to get stuff done when there is a lot of things going on around them; or when the things that are going on around them are loud. Having a piece of mind is something that a library can provide that nowhere else can with all the resources inside to get done whatever task you may need to complete. Having a physical librarian available also is why libraries are important. A physical librarian will always be there to answer any questions one might have about a topic. It also makes it easier to continue to process the information that one might already have with extra assistance on the topic. Librarians are also critical to help children who may have never been to a library, or they might not know how to look for things within a library. They teach kids the skills of how to do research, search for topics, look at the wide range of databases that only libraries have. Librarians also encourage children to read, something that is a positive thing to have when kids today don’t like to read. Having them there to encourage them makes it easier. Having the ability to take books out to use for free is a positive for libraries. The fact that libraries don’t charge you anything to check out books makes libraries very important. For those who can’t buy books from a bookstore or other source, going to a library to borrow one saves them money. At libraries you can also make copies of certain pages that you need instead of taking the whole book with you. This makes it easy for people who don’t need the whole book but instead just pieces of info out of it. The convenient nature that a library has to offer makes it very important. Money is a topic that everyone is conscious about, and having to pay for subscriptions to some content online makes having libraries around a necessity. Another reason why libraries are important is because they offer free internet. Having a tool like the internet being free for use draws people to use libraries. Most people who have laptops or desktop computers have to pay for their high speed internet service, or be lucky to find Wi-Fi service without paying for it. Knowing that a library has free internet you can go there and take advantage of that and the resources that a library has to offer. You have people who go to the library just because of the free internet. While others utilize the free service and other tools libraries have to offer. Also libraries are important because they are courses on skills that can help you in the real world. Libraries have many courses available for use to people who may need them. Some of the things they offer are help with English, resume building skills for those who may be entering the job force. If English isn’t your native language they have courses that can help you develop the ability to speak English. You might need help with creative writing which is also something that libraries have to offer. All of these services are free of charge as long as you have a simple library card on hand with you. Libraries also offer readings groups. Some may call them study groups, but the reading groups the library has to offer also makes it important. You might be a person who prefers to study with a group of your friends to better understand the topic. Or you might like groups because of the interaction of people sharing their different perspectives on the subjects they talk about. It’s almost like a group meeting. Having the ability to set a time, while already knowing the exact place where you will meet up with your peers to discussion any you want. With the library being a relaxing environment because the of the strict noise rules it you piece of mind and the opportunity to have these meetings without be distracted by outside issues. Another extraction that makes libraries important is that some of them exactly offer cafes. These cafes are something that is growing worldwide. With the addition of places like Starbucks, having cafes in libraries gives people another alternative if they don’t like coffee. At the library cafes you can enjoy what the library has to offer. Some libraries have the ability to offer music books that you can use to follow along, or use them to study to your advantage. Also there are DVD’s that are available at literary for those who like to visually learn about whatever topic they choose. It creates a place that keeps those who go relax while they get done what they need. It could be finishing up a school assignment, or getting a project done for work that requires some research to be done. Libraries also offer an extensive collection of historical items whether it’s local or nationally. If you’re looking to know about your city at a certain point of time, a library has the best source best. You can check out a book that will tell you where a building was located, and what they did in that building. You can find out the change in population that your city has had as the times changes. You can also find that buildings in those times were more structures sound than the buildings of this age. Nationally libraries keep records of everything like climate changes, and the amount of colleges and universities that the country has. You could never go wrong when searching for a book in the library about local or national news. Libraries databases are so extensive that they can brings up information from years ago. This is something that you will not be able to find anywhere also but a library. Libraries offer a huge amount of study space. Having a huge amount of study space is something most people enjoy. You have the freedom of a big table where you can lay everything you have in front of you. Rather than being in at a tight desk where you might be able to have one piece of information on the table. Having more on the table keeps you from searching all over for that one page or book that might be missing. This is something that will allow for librarians to better help you as well because they can join you at the table to discuss your topic. Having two people at one table working on the same subject always helps get a task done. All of these reasons are largely why libraries are important. It’s something free that everybody can that advantage of. You can’t find what a library has to offer anywhere else. It’s doesn’t matter what age you are, at the library there something for all age groups to do. Closing down these libraries is a decision that should not happen. It is important to today’s youth for these libraries to stay open because they benefit the most from libraries being open. Closing them would simply say that today’s youth is not a top priority to worry about.

Why We Need Laws Essay -- essays research papers

The American Heritage Dictionary defines law as 'a rule of conduct or procedure established by custom, agreement, or authority.'; Since even the most primitive forms of life have been known to live by some 'rule of conduct,'; by definition, law has existed before the dawn of the human race. However, no other species have adopted laws to fit their immediate needs more than humans. As groups of humans began living in larger and larger groups, competition for resources such as food, water, shelter, and even mating partners grew increasingly intense. Therefore, the leaders of these basic forms of society found it necessary to set guidelines for sharing and protecting these resources. As these societies grew in complexity, so did the need for laws. While in its nascent stage law primarily protected tangibles such as life, limb, and property, the scope of laws has grown to encompass moral values as well. However, these values often differed from society to society. With each passing year, more and more laws are coming into effect. Consequently, more and more people are growing incognizant of the laws that govern them. In effect, this ignorance of the law nullifies its effectiveness as a deterrent of crime. Therefore, modern law has taken a more passive role as a medium for holding people accountable for their actions. Voltaire once said that 'a multitude of laws in a country is like a great number of physicians, a sign of weakness and malady.'; Historically, laws have been created in an attempt to correct perceived problems within a society. An epidemic of adultery must have occurred before laws forbidding such activity came into existence. Several affluent members of society must have been robbed before anti-theft laws were passed. Undoubtedly a number of politicians were shot and killed before gun-control laws were believed to be necessary. For the most part laws are created out of fear of becoming victimized. As illustrated in the preceding examples, most laws are designed specifically to address crimes in which the distinction between an offender and a victim is clear. However, laws against so-called 'victimless'; crimes suggest that its intent exceeds that of mere protection. For instance, according to California Penal Code 286, 'sodomy is sexual conduct consisting of contact between the peni s of one person and the anus of another person. Any sexual penetra... ... person, simply relying on an individual's sense of morality in respect to self-government would result in inevitable sociological chaos. This holds especially true for those who lack the mental competency to differentiate between moral and immoral behavior. Although some laws have been proven to be effective deterrents of crime, this holds true only for those laws that are known to exist. Furthermore, it is necessary to remember that even the most severe of punishments will not deter the motivated criminal. Therefore, the very essence of law is reduced to a mere mechanism to hold people accountable for their actions or lack thereof. Accountability for the law, regardless of moral beliefs, must be applied unconditionally and without prejudice to all persons within the jurisdiction of the governing body in order to safeguard the law's effectiveness. Although this can be construed as 'force-feeding'; perceived moral beliefs upon the society as a whole, accountability is necessary t o insure that the violators of crimes are justly punished for their actions. Without such universal accountability, it would be impossible to apply laws upon a morally diverse and legally ignorant society.

Business Skills for Ecommerce Essay

Introduction This assignment will enable you to apply the business skills needed to design an eCommerce solution for a music production company. You will need to consider the organisation and processes of the company and consider what the impact of the Internet and e-Commerce has been on the company. Answers to the tasks will demonstrate: 1: An understanding of the structure and aims of business organisations. 2: An understanding of the impact of e-Commerce 3: An ability to design e-Commerce solutions Task You have been provided with a description of a music production company which is considering providing a service where customers can download MP3 versions of the music they produce from their own web site. You will need to consider the effects of this proposal on the organisation and processes of the company. You will need to investigate the impact of the Internet on the music industry. Scenario Drums Rock is a small independent company which is owned by two partners and has been in existence for more than twenty years. It is based in a specialist music shop in Birmingham in the centre of England. As this is the home of many famous rock bands such as Black Sabbath, they naturally focus on this style of music and, in particular, drum kits. In addition to selling drum kits and other music related items the company specialises in producing music by rock artistes which it releases in CD and Vinyl format. The CD/Vinyl format is sold direct via a phone line, through retailers via music distributors and at concerts. Drums Rock hires the recording studio and when the recording is produced they have the Vinyl and CDs produced by outside organisations. The invoicing and payment relating to customers and suppliers is basically a manual process supported by records held on a PC. The reason why Drums Rock has not released music via MP3 format before is that there is a resistance from rock listeners to the format. Rock listeners are very concerned about the quality of the recording and the MP3 format provides a lower quality format than Vinyl and CD. However, Drums Rock considers that the ease of using the MP3 format on many different devices could outweigh the quality deficiencies. Task 1 – Understand the structure and aims of Business Organisations. Provide an assessment for the owners of Drums Rock of the potential impact on the organisation’s aims, structure, functions and stakeholders of implementing an Internet based facility for the sale of music in an MP3 format. The assessment should consider what it means for the potential markets, effects on current distribution channels, the structure and organisation of the organisation. This task will allow you to demonstrate the following: Learning Outcome 1. Task 2 – Understand the Impact of e-Commerce. Provide an assessment of the impact, the risks and financial implications of introducing an eCommerce function into Drums Rock. The assessment should consider the impact on the organization, the global impact of e-Commerce, the potential risks involved in e-Commerce and the possible financial factors such as costs/benefits. This task will allow you to demonstrate the following: Learning Outcome 2. Task 3 – Be able to define the objectives of e-Commerce solutions. Provide a statement for the owners’ of Drums Rock that describes the following for the proposal for an e-Commerce solution: Objectives Market Research Target markets Market potential This task will allow you to demonstrate the following: Learning Outcome 3.1. Task 4 – Design of an e-Commerce solution Produce a high level design document for the proposed Drums Rock e-Commerce solution which covers the following areas: Technology requirements e.g. hardware, software, security, maintenance, back end systems, supply sources, distribution channels. Payment systems e.g. electronic cheque, Paypal, NoChex, credit or debit cards. Security – e.g. prevention of hacking, viruses, identity theft, firewall, impact on site performance, Secure Socket Layer(SSL), secure HTTP (HHTPS), digital certificates, strong passwords, alternative authentication methods. Legislation – e.g. Data Protection Act 1998, Computer Misuse Act 1990, Consumer Credit Act 1974, Trading Standards, Freedom of Information Act 2000, copyright legislation. Consideration of other music download sites that exist. The design document should conclude with an evaluation of your proposed design. This task will allow you to demonstrate the following: Learning Outcomes 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.5. Student Guidelines 1. You should write this assignment in report style, although a formal report structure will not be required. The report should contain the assessments and design document that the Tasks ask for. You should write each task of this assignment as detailed above, in coherent and appropriate English. 2. You should use diagrams and tables of figures where appropriate ensuring that you provide a reference to their source. 3. You should include references using the Harvard referencing system. 4. It is advised that you write your report within approximately 3500/4000 words in order for your research and summarising skills to be developed, and for effective time management. However, you are required to ensure that the assignments meets all of the learning outcomes and there is no penalty for being over the suggested word count. Excessive word counts may be asked to be reduced before marking Grading Criteria ~ Business Skills for E Commerce To achieve a PASS GRADE the evidence must show that the learner is able to meet all of the learning outcomes: P1 (LO 1): Understand the structure and aims of business organisations. 1.1. Summarise the key aims of the organisation. 1.2. Describe the structure of Drums Rock and the music industry P2 (LO 2): Understand the impact of e-Commerce 2.1. Explain the impact on consumers of the development of e-Commerce 2.2. Explain the impact on businesses of the development of e-Commerce 2.3. Explain the global impact of e-Commerce P3 (LO 3): Be able to design e-Commerce solutions 3.1. Explain the role of objectives and market analysis in the development of e-Commerce 3.2. Evaluate the e-Commerce systems used by the music download industry 3.3. Discuss the financial implications of Drums Rock’s proposed e-Commerce solution 3.4. Produce a high level design of an e-Commerce solution that covers technology, payment systems, security and the role of legislation. 3.5. Produce an evaluation of the above design The assignment adequately covers the descriptive areas of the brief but little attempt has been made to analyse or evaluate the information presented. There is little discussion of what has been found through research with limited application of research to practice. Presentation of the material is acceptable but may display weaknesses in the way in which it is communicated. To achieve a MERIT GRADE the evidence must show that the learner is able to: M1- Identify and apply strategies to find appropriate solutions 1.1. How implementing e-Commerce will affect Drums Rock’s aims and organisation 1.2. Demonstrates an understanding of how the structure of the music industry is changing due to the Internet M2 – Select design and apply appropriate methods/techniques 2.1. A range of credible sources of information have been used in the explanation of trends and developments in e-Commerce 2.2. A Structured Design Approach has been taken to the design of the e-Commerce solution and the design approach has been evaluated. 2.3. Research has been carefully selected and summarized. M3 – Present and Communicate Findings 3.1. The report is clear, concise and logical and describes the role of e-Commerce and its possible role in the music download industry. 3.2. Information sources are clearly identified through the use of appropriate referencing To achieve a DISTINCTION GRADE the evidence must show that the learner is able to: D1 – Use critical reflection to evaluate your own work & justify valid conclusions 1.1. Conclusions have been developed on the effects of current and recent trends and development of e-Commerce and the music download industry 1.2. There is a synthesis to the work in that it flows well throughout leading to valid, thought-out conclusions that demonstrate an integrated solution of aims, processes and technology for Drums Rock. D2 – take responsibility for managing and organising activities. 2.1. Independent research, outside of what has been provided in the course materials, has been utilised to prepare a thorough report for Drums Rock. 2.2. Assignment is completed fully to deadline D3 – demonstrate convergent, lateral & creative thinking. 3.1. Ideas are evaluated for their validity and realism in the context of the Drums Rock. 3.2. An attempt has been made at an evaluation of the recommended approach to strategic and tactical decision making in implementing e-Commerce in the music download industry.

Highly Confidential Security System

Highly Confidential Security System ABSTRACT- Due to busy life style we can’t remember all confidential data like All mail Id, Password, All bank account no. , Insurance policy no. , Pan card no. , Driving License no. , Passport no. ,All education certificate Numbers, Some highly valued scan copy, some confidential photos, music and videos. So we can develop highly security web application in which we can store all confidential data in single credentials. * HCSS keeps confidential data and provide high security. It reduce all Efforts of any user to remember all id’s ,passwords they have and facilitate to use single id and password. * In this system whenever any transaction takes place from their account they get informed through a text messages or E-mails. * This System provides Video locker, image locker, music locker, bank account information locker, mail id and password locker. * It keeps past logs and also need extra credential to delete these logs. By using the pas t logs a user can undo all its transactions. * System also provides Login mobile verification. This software is user friendly. Any literal person can handle the software for getting different form available on that software. This software is made in English language. * The software provide different login facility for user such as public people, administrator. Different authorized person can login here to modify self portfolio & and can access their confidential data. * Any extra technical skill is not require when any person want to handle this software. Only language and computer literacy is needed to understand that form column and its related information.This software is made secured to user that no other person can modified your personal data. INTRODUCTION- The objective of HCSS is to provide a secure process & way to keep the users data more confidential and more secured. It provides a way that any public people can easily create their portfolio and keep their confidential dat a. And they can also access the data on a single click for that they need to cross a bridge which required only single credential. This project is useful for person as he/she easily store and retrieve their confidential data.This reduces the cases of fraudulence in our country. The main goal of this project according to business point of view to make the life of the people easy by proving the system which will reduce the probability of being cheated by leakage of any confidential information. TECHNOLOGIES TO BE USED:-IBMRational Software Architect:- IBMRationalSoftwareArchitect(RSA)madebyIBM'sRationalSoftwaredivision,isacomprehensivemodelinganddevelopmentenvironmentthatusestheUnified ModelingLanguage(UML)fordesigningarchitecturefor C++andJava 2EnterpriseEdition (J2EE)Applicationsandwebservices. RationalSoftwareArchitectisbuiltontheEclipseopen-sourcesoftware frameworkandincludescapabilitiesfocusedonarchitecturalcodeanalysis,C++,andmodel-driven development(MDD)withtheUMLfor creatingre silientapplicationsandwebservices. IBMWebsphereCommunity Edition:- WebSphereApplicationServerCommunityEdition(fromnowon WASCE)isafree,certifiedJava EE5applicationserverfor buildingandmanagingJava applications. Itis IBM'ssupporteddistributionofApacheGeronimothatusesTomcatfor servletcontainerandAxis2for webservices.OtherdifferencefromApacheGeronimoisthat WASCEcomeswith DB2 andInformix databasedrivers,betterXMLparserlibraries(XML4JandXLXP)andcontainsthelatestpatchesfrom unreleasedupstreamversions. DB2 Express Cor DB2 UDB:- The name DB2 was first given to the Database Management System or DBMS in 1983 when IBM released DB2 on its MVSmainframe platform. Prior to this, a similar product was named SQL/DS on the VM platform. Prior to that in the mid 1970's IBM released the QBE relational database product for the VM platform with a table-oriented â€Å"Query By Example† front-end which produced a linear-syntax language that was a recognizable precursor to QBE nd drove transactions to its relational database. Later the QMF feature of DB2 produced real SQL and brought the same â€Å"QBE† look and feel to DB2. The System 38 platform also contained a relational DBMS. System Relational, or System R, was a research prototype developed in the 1970s. DB2 has its roots back to the beginning of the 1970s when E. F. Codd, working for IBM, described the theory of relational databases and in June 1970 published the model for data manipulation. To apply the model Codd needed a relational database language he named Alpha.At the time IBM didn't believe in the potential of Codd's ideas, leaving the implementation to a group of programmers not under Codd's supervision, who violated several fundamentals of Codd's relational model; the result was Structured English Query Language or SEQUEL. When IBM released its first relational database product, they wanted to have a commercial-quality sublanguage as well, so it overhauled SEQUEL and renamed the basically new language (Syst em Query Language) SQL to differentiate it from SEQUEL.IBM bought Metaphor Computer Systems to utilize their GUI interface and encapsulating SQL platform that had already been in use since the mid 80's. Tivoli CDP /TSM/Tivoli Directory Server:- Designed to provide a data protection and recovery solution for mission-critical applications, in the data center or remote branch offices, for enterprises and small businesses. TSM FastBack can eliminate traditional backup windows by continuously capturing data changes at the block level, with minimal impact to the systems it helps protect.Its policy-based approach to data protection allows administrators to improve recovery service levels, specifically Recovery Point Objectives (RPO) and Recovery Time Objectives (RTO) based on the needs of the individual application or data type. TSM FastBack also provides a near instant restore capability that enables applications to be up and running within minutes after data recovery is initiated, while data recovery is performed in the background. WHAT IT WILL DO:- Registration for users. User personal and confidential data will be encrypted. The encrypted data will be stored in atabase. Public key will be provided to the user at time of registration. Extraction of data n decryption. HOW IT WORKS:- Section 1provides the main page for index . Section 2 gives the interface of the software that is used by user. It gives what level of proficiency is expected of the user, constraints while making the software and assumptions and dependencies that are assumed. Section 3 after being used by user, it deliver all the requirements of the system. Functional requirement are given by various use cases. Some performance requirements and design constraints are also given.It includes user interface, hardware interface, software interface and communication interface. Section 4 gives non functional requirement of feature. It includes the performance requirement of that software. It also contains sa fety requirement, security requirement, and software quality attribute. DIFFERENT MODULES:- User User can login and save and restore their confidential data using their public key. Along with this can seek help, file complaint and give feedback. Admin Admin has the authority to add/delete users, view complaints of user and takes necessary actions. Give response to their feedback and provide help.Operations:- In HCSS the data entered by user is to be secured by encryption. The user can enter data of different types like image file, text document, PAN No, passwords, video document, etc. For this the algorithms used to encrypt them are RSA (Text Encryption) Algorithm used to keep the confidential data secure of the users is RSA. It is an encryption algorithm. It was developed by and named after Rivest, Shamir and Adleman of MIT in 1977. It is the best known and widely used public key scheme. The encryption done is based on exponentiation in a finite (Galois) field over integers modulo a prime.Exponentiation takes O((log n)3) operations(easy). It uses large integers (eg. 1024 bits). It offers security due to cost of factoring large numbers. Factorization takes O(e log n log (log n))) operations (hard). This software is user friendly. Any literal person can handle the software for getting different form available on that software. This software is made in English language. The software provide different login facility for user such as public people, administrator. Different authorized person can login here to modify self portfolio & and can access their confidential data.User can also print, submit & get related information from their portfolio. Any extra technical skill is not require when any person want to handle this software. Only language and computer literacy is needed to understand that form column and its related information. This software is made secured to user that no other person can modified your REFERENCES:- * Object Oriented Modeling and Design with UML-Michael Blaha, James Rambaugh. * Software Engineering, Seventh Edition, Ian Sommerville. * IBM Red Books. * IBM – www. ibm. in/developerworks . * Wikipedia – www. wikipedia. org

Jonathan Swift Essay Example

Jonathan Swift Essay Example Jonathan Swift Paper Jonathan Swift Paper Essay Topic: Jonathan Swift Poems Jonathan Swifts Story Satire Is a sort of glass, wherein beholders do generally discover everybodys face but their own. What Swift Is trying to convey through this quote is that when people are being satirical and expressing their comments of society, they tend to see all the flaws so clearly, Like a glass. Yet, when people do this they dont pay attention to what they are doing. Jonathan Swift is one of the worlds best satirist and poet, born in Dublin, Ireland to Abigail Erick Swift and Jonathan Swift. He suffered a lot as a child, from not being able to have a father to getting kidnapped for many years by a family ruse, and even being sent away to college at the age of fourteen. Since Jonathan Swift was a person born and raised in the 1600-sasss, he lived in a period of exploration and great political competition, which influenced his works of literature to include satire and much symbolism to express his thoughts and feelings toward political figures while making it humorous. During the time period that Jonathan Swift lived, there were many historical events that influenced his writings, such as when King James II of England, a Catholic, started a rebellion that caused Swift to eve back to England and by 1 710 Swift has become associated with the ruling Tory party. He shifted his allegiance from the Walshs Addison and Steele to a new group that included Alexander Pope John Gay, and John Arbitration (Hager 5). This influenced his writing by giving him an idea to write Guilders Travels, a book about the different events that occurred in Europe. Also during this time, there were many explorations and exposure to other parts of the world. This had a major affect on his writing because in one his novels, Guilders Travels, he wrote about the many explorations that the protagonist, Lemur Guiltier, went on while discovering many different islands with mystical creatures. Furthermore, at this time period, many people were more Interested with mystical and fantasy novels, which is another reason why Swift decided to write, Guilders Travels. The events that occurred during his lifetime was not the only aspect that contributed to his writing, but people around him Influenced him In a drastic way too. Swift has experienced and done many things throughout his life that has affected his writings in various ways such as during the mime when he lived in England, his bestrides, Temple, passed away and to let go of stress, he began to write. It is said that, under Temples influence, [Swift started to] write. (The Biography. Com 5) Temple always wanted the best for Swift, so Swift began to write. His first major work being a Tale of a Tub (Hager 3) was written and it was the beginning of his whole writing career. Following Temples death he moved back to Ireland and went back to being a priest for the next ten years. While he was preaching and working at the church, Swift was inspired to write his first lattice pamphlet. Additionally, when he was working along side with Temple, Swift met the most important woman in his life, Esther Johnson (Stella) (Hager 1). She was a girl that he loved so dearly and she Influenced him to write her letters. These letters were later known as, The Journals to Stella. As time went on, Swift moved back to England to work for the government under the Tory party. He worked as an editor government was so terribly set up (The Biography. Com). As their editor, he had to write many articles that would talk awfully about the other political party, the Whish. Swift chose to write about thing that he experienced and how he felt towards the government. All of these social influences led to his professional career. In his professional career, Swift wrote many novels, pamphlets, and poems to express his feelings towards the problems he sees around him in England. His novel, Guilders Travel, is one of the best known books that Swift has written. In this book, he was able to talk about all the complications that he experienced while living in England (Swift). Swift also wrote many pamphlets such as, A Discourse on the Contests and Dissensions in Athens and Rome, which was his first political pamphlet. Additionally, Swift wrote many other books like, A Tale of a Tub, The Battle of the Books, and Ancients vs Moderns, but he sent them in anonymously because he did not want anyone to really know his business. All of these books are still very well known today and these writings were influenced by his life and the people around him. Swift is one of the most well known satirist in the literary world. In his most well known book, Guilders Travels, he uses variations of literary devices to help explain to his audience how it was like to live in the time he did, which was around the 1700. Throughout his book, Swift uses satire and symbolism to assist the audience in conveying what it was like in England during this time period. In this novel he wrote about different type of creatures, such as giants and small people to symbolize all the intellectual abstraction and the delusions of human perfection (Miller). Also, in the novel he writes about the Kingdom of Lilliputian and how their government is separated into two parties, Treatments and Slackens, like how the government in England was separated into two also. Swift uses satire to represent the small arguments of he two English parties in the time he lived (Swift 44). Considering of his writing style, it is the reason why he is so well known and loved, because of the way he used satire is way different from the way others use it and it makes him unique. Over all, Jonathan Swift impacted the literary world in a gigantic way through the use of satire in most of his books. It is evident that Swift had many obstacles that he faced and many different things that influenced him to write the way he does. That is how he is now going to always be remembered as one of most famous satirist in the literary world.

5 Real Reasons Why You Dont Get Called for an Interview

5 Real Reasons Why You Dont Get Called for an Interview You’ve done everything you’re supposed to do- networking, sending in applications, calling in favors, sending out resumes- and the phone simply refuses to ring. You haven’t been asked in for any interviews. This is partially because the market’s tough at present, but it could also have something to do with a few things you may be doing wrong. Here are the 5 real reasons why you don’t get called in for an interview.1. You have a weak resumeEither there is not enough on your resume- you don’t have sufficient experience, or there’s too much. Did you dump your entire work and education history into the document, with little care for what sort of picture that laundry list paints? Try culling a bit, shaping the way you lay out your facts.Bottom line: put yourself in the hiring manager’s shoes and imagine your resume in a pile of resumes. Imagine 10 or so identically qualified candidates. Will yours stand out among them? Does it stylis hly and succinctly show you to be a cut above the rest? If it doesn’t, that might be your answer.2. You’re applying for the wrong jobsAre you sending out applications and resumes willy nilly? To any job you see advertised that you think you could have a remote chance of handling? That’s probably not the best strategy. Better to do a bit of extra hunting for the positions that are perfect for you- and you for them.Be the ideal candidate, not just another faceless grunt who could probably do the job to their satisfaction. You’ll feel better going after positions that really excite and challenge you as well.3. You’re using the wrong strategyOnline job boards are a useful resource. But they aren’t usually enough to turn the corner in a job search. Make sure you’re also actively pursuing leads, building your network, calling on your existing connections, finding contact information for the right people and sending them your resume and cove r letter, maximizing your LinkedIn usage. Make sure you never go more than 30 days without some online activity.4. Your hopes are too highHope and high expectations are great. As are you! But sometimes the dream job isn’t going to happen just now. Sometimes an interim job is just as good- one that won’t do any damage to your resume, but will pay your bills. Maybe give up on your desire to be the next big CEO until you’re searching from the comfort of already having a job? It’s always best to negotiate from a place of power.5. You’re not asking for helpThere is no shame in needing a job. This is what your family and friends (and network!) are for. Tell them what you’re looking for and ask them to help if they reasonably can. You’d do it for them, after all. And chances are, they will.

Critically analyse the evidence for changing patterns in sustainable Literature review

Critically analyse the evidence for changing patterns in sustainable consumption and production of clothing. Looking at the evid - Literature review Example In addition, the report not only examines individuals but also businesses. It assesses the way in which businesses are changing their production strategies in order to take care of the environment too. It investigates on how clothing industries are changing their production ways to keep a pure environment while also producing long term clothes (Ha, 2012, 62). The report also seeks to give evidence of the conservation strategies that have already been put into use; such as the greener business models. The other purpose of the report is to give the approaches that can be used to encourage consumers to adopt better lifestyles that conserve the environment (Henderson & Sethi, 2006, 13). The data used in the report was obtained from the society and reports given by different consumers and cloth industries. Online sources have also been used in order to analyze the reports of individuals who could not be easily reached. Other data sources include journals by scholars about people’s lifestyles in relation to environmental conservation. Different research approaches have also been used in order to obtain the information used. For instance; questionnaires were issued to consumers in order to find out how they had changed their lifestyles in order to conserve the environment. ... The research seeks to give the pattern of the changing lifestyles of people. Outline of the content The report begins with a literature review of past studies made about environmental conservation. This section gives the process that businesses have used in the past in order to achieve their goals about environment. The section also gives the strategies that were used in the past by both producers and consumers. The next section gives the findings of the report. It mainly outlines the evidence for change of consumption patterns of consumers and production patterns for producers. Finally, the section outlines the strategies that can be used to encourage consumers to adopt sustainable lifestyles. The last section of the report gives a conclusion with the key strategies that can be used and the principal findings of the current situation in the economy. This section also gives the recommendations that are to be followed in order to achieve the set objectives. Literature Review Many scho lars have done a lot of research concerning the issue of green clothing and change of individuals’ lifestyles to conserve the environment. Some scholars provide that in order to ensure a green economy, human consumption would have to change (Milani, 2000, 20). Consumption would have to be planned in order to be in accordance with the production so as to keep the markets in operation. This will ensure that while consumers strive to conserve the environment, they will be able to obtain products that help them to accomplish their goals. For instance; consumers can change into renewable energy sources (Gunkel, 2006, 24). This is mainly argued from the point of view that; consumers can decide to change their lifestyles into more

Leadership assessmt 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership assessmt 2 - Essay Example Davis created a team to lead a centralized call center. One of the purposes of the call center was to become proactive in planning and inventory forecasting. The use of teamwork encouraged by Davis helped the company improve its organizational culture. The firm has become more flexible and adaptive which made the company more aligned with the business environment of the 21st century. Davis encouraged in state competition. He did not use competition between states to lower the risk of dysfunctional behavior occurring due to the consequences of competition. The use of competition can lead to negative behaviors such as people lying to each other and mistrust among colleagues. Competitor can also lead to people stepping on each other in order to get ahead in the corporate ladder. Another potential negative aspect of competition is that it can intensify the work conditions and environment which can lead to work related stress. Employees can become burn out due to the excessive use of competition. Competition can encourage individualism instead of cooperation. Employees that got involvement in team sports in the past are more likely to become good team players in the corporate world. Recruiters of talent look positively to a candidate having prior involvement in sporting teams. Team sports teach players important skills such as learning to cooperate with others and build bonds of trust among teammates. Sports also teach people values, discipline, and encourage good physical health. Sports teach people how to work together as a cohesive and united team. Being a good team player in the business world is an asset because cooperation and teamwork are skills that needed in corporate America. In order to implement teamwork at CCA Davis opened up the lines of communication among the workers and the managerial staff. Open communication enables the free flow of ideas. These ideas can be used by teammates to find

Organizational and Societal Functions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational and Societal Functions - Essay Example These, when clubbed are categorized as the Organizational and Societal arenas, where the PR man has to function. Public Relations is reaching out to the world to create an image of the company, its products and services so as to have a positive competitive impact, which in turn makes for a good long term bottom-line. Apart from the traditional public relations function of working with the media and exposing the good side of the organization, now the hectic pace of all the domestic and global industries demand the following functions too: The last, becoming more and more urgent and forceful as the organizations are impacting globally, by their multi-country locations. These generate a plethora of economic, social, cultural and even religious issues, which have to be resolved. 2. Relationship management - This demands great tactical skill that adequately addresses the strategies formulated, to be played right across the board. It is all inclusive and in dire need nothing is excluded. Traditionally the directions required are {a} Internal Within the organization and {b} External Outside the organization. 3. Media Relations - The core area of public relations is media relations. Efforts are desired to properly publicize products or the company to the members of the mass media TV and Radio, newspaper, magazine, newsletter and Internet. 4. Publicity - Products or events are to be successfully publicized when launched through various media and Brand Ambassadors or influencers. 5. Marketing communications - This focuses on the products or produce and/or services. Marketing communications {marcom} is primarily concerned with demand generation, product, produce and/or service positioning. 6. Employee relations - It begins with sharing of the corporate vision to enable every one in the organization, to work in tandem to successfully realize it. Build cordial relationship between the employer and the employee with the existence of mutual respect for each other. Derive immense benefits of team sprit to directly effect improved production, employee motivation, customer satisfaction and reputation of business. Public Relations 5 7. Investor relations - The larger the organization gets the more complex are the financial structuring. Therefore, most large companies, investor relations (IR) or financial public relations is a specialty in itself guided by specific disclosure regulations dictated

The Simpsons Essay Example for Free

The Simpsons Essay Stereotypes are known beliefs about certain types of races, ethnicities, genders, and even occupations. They are based on assumptions and are known as â€Å"silly† judgments which classify or group individuals together. Stereotypes can either be good or bad but they also can be hurtful, especially if one takes their culture seriously. If one chooses to stereotype, they are putting someone down based on their perceptions which will cause them to not succeed. Stereotyping can often encourage bully-like behavior that children will stick with until they’re adults. Stereotyping can also lead to hate, and can cause the victims of those stereotypes to often live in fear. For example, many homosexuals are afraid to admit their sexuality because they fear they will be judged and misinterpreted. Depending on how you look at it, it’s an ironic situation for those who are doing the stereotyping and those who are playing the victims. Stereotyping can lead to hate crimes, discriminations, and prejudice among different groups of people. One cultural researcher says, â€Å"We use stereotypes in part because it’s so hard to take in all of the complicated information about other people in the world. It’s difficult to spend the amount of time necessary to understand why or in what different ways people behave. So instead, we learn early in our lives to accept stereotypes of groups, or individuals. We develop stereotypes not just for large cultures, but smaller, specific sects; such as police officers, Mexican Americans, women, or executive males. † Stereotypes, generally carry a negative undertone, are widely used because they are overly present in today’s media, strengthened by individual experiences, and reiterated throughout history. The most significant source of stereotypical content comes from sitcom media. A cultural researcher explains, â€Å"The media continually normalizes violence, reinforces racism, and creates myths of who we are as Americans. Advertisement and movies are constantly reinforcing women as sex objects, and rarely as heroes except to throw a twist in a movie or story. The media really reinforces our notions of cultural stereotypes. † For example, on the well know television show The Simpsons, the average American family is perceived as being lazy, incompetent, or stupid. It also plays on the stereotype of â€Å"hillbilly farmers†, as one of the characters from the show, Cletus Spuckler, is shown to be very messy and is usually portrayed wearing a white t-shirt and pair of jeans. On the show, he has done many things associated with hillbilly stereotypes, such as dressing in a straw hat and white smock, chewing or sucking a piece of straw and carrying a pitchfork or rake, playing bluegrass music on a banjo, and eating animals such as raccoons, opossum, and squirrels. This influences society into believing that all people who live deep in the country are like Cletus, and they may discriminate and bully them because of what they see on the show. Stereotypes also come from people’s experiences or what experiences other people have had. A good example of this is the stereotypes placed upon African Americans, such as they are â€Å"hoodlums† or they are gang affiliated, and being physically violent or using constant vulgar profanity. This comes from the old assumptions about slaves by their slave-owners. Another damaging stereotype in society is the stereotypes amongst Hispanics. Majority of the women in this ethnic group are portrayed as being olive-skinned women. These women are seen as â€Å"the housewives† while the man of the house is out making a living. They are also portrayed as working in low-class jobs, such as a gardener for males or a maid/housekeeper for women. One last popular stereotype is the stereotype on Asians. Asians in society are portrayed as knowing karate, being smart and excelling in school, especially math and science, and having poor English skills. In society, these beliefs have been passed down from generation to generation and it affects the way people live their lives and how likely they are to succeed.

Utopia Essay -- Descriptive Perfect Society Essays Papers

Secluded in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, is a place called Sashy, a wonderful, perfect society. It is always peaceful and nothing bad ever happens on the island. The island's air is always fresh and free of any toxins or pollution. Temperature on the South side of Sashy is always warm with no humidity present. On the North side of Sashy the weather is always perfect for winter activities, the temperature is just cold enough for the snow to fall. The North side of the island is full of steep, snow-covered mountains. On the South side of the Sashy clean, sandy beaches cover the land. The ocean water is crystal clear and warm. Sashy is the perfect place to live. On the island, every person is treated as equals. No one person thinks or acts as if they are better than another. There is no racism or sexism present, all types of people reside here and get along together. Living on the island is people from all different cultures and backgrounds. Everyone lives in peace with no fightin g, violence, crime, or war. The people of Sashy, called Sashians, do not judge each other by their appearance or whom they interacted with. There are many diverse religions in this community. Each one does not criticize the others for their beliefs. Once a month all the different religions get together at the island community building and congregate together to discuss their viewpoints and thoughts on their faith. On this island there is no poverty, disease, or hunger. Everyone has plenty of money...

A Study on Gardners theories on Intelligence

Intelligence can be defined in many different signifiers. Many theoreticians have non been able to put out the construct of intelligence to an exact definition. However, this is non the instance for certain theoretician. Harmonizing to Gardner, intelligence is â€Å" is a sort of substance, of â€Å" material † , that different people have in different grades, like cholesterin or blood sugar † . Gardner was non the lone theoretician that has laid this construct out. Kowalski and Westen were besides able to specify intelligence in their text edition. Harmonizing to them, intelligence refers to the application of cognitive accomplishments and cognition to larn, solves jobs, and obtains terminals that are valued by an person or civilization. † They besides believed that intelligence plays a major function in civilization, in that, each civilization has its ain patterns that help persons like us recognize which rational qualities are socially accepted ( Kowalski & A ; Westen, 2009, p. 265 ) . Although the many theories about intelligence are present, Gardner has the most effectual and modern one. In the early 1980 ‘s, he introduced his theory of multiple intelligence where his end was to interrupt down the construct of intelligence. Dr. Gardner has written many books about his multiple intelligence theory, nevertheless he placed more attending to one called â€Å" Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences † . In this book he tries to exemplify the fact that people posses eight different intelligences, stating that persons have higher intelligences in some countries and lower intelligences in others. He believed that people can make better when the work that needs to be done is extremely correlated to the country in where persons posses the higher intelligence. The eight intelligences that Gardner provinces are displaced as the followers: â€Å" musical, bodily/kinesthetic ( which is how we control our organic structure motions ) , spacial ( the ability to make mental images ) , lingual or verbal, logical/mathematical, naturalist, intrapersonal ( being able to understand oneself ) , and interpersonal ( 1s behavior in societal state of affairss ) † ( Kowalski & A ; Westen, 2009, p. 279 ) . Identifying the assorted types of Gardner ‘s intelligences has helped me detect that the theory greatly affects my personal success. Not merely is this true for my ain success, but, many of these intelligences can impact everyone ‘s day-to-day lives. For me, the most of import intelligences that have helped me win in the yesteryear are lingual, logical/mathematical, and interpersonal. These intelligences that I posses, I would see them to be my strengths. Bing able to pass on good with others, being able to analyse and theorize thoughts, and playing an important function in certain state of affairss all have played a major function in my ability to win. In the undermentioned analysis of intelligences, we will be speaking about merely three of these eight intelligences and how they can impact my personal success in life. Having these qualities has built a get downing point in my life and it will go on to assist me make my long term ends every bit good as my short ends such as having my Bachelor ‘s grade. The first intelligence that is most of import to me in my ain success in life is the Linguistics. Linguisticss can run anyplace from being able to utilize a linguistic communication decently to complicated grammar. Harmonizing to Gardner, linguistics besides involves being cognizant of speech production and composing a linguistic communication, being able to larn multiple linguistic communications, and the contents of the linguistic communication and being able to use them to existent life state of affairss so one can win. The lingual attack besides states that one should hold the ability to talk efficaciously so that one can show him/herself. Language can besides be used to retrieve certain information and utilize the information for future mentions. Public talkers, attorneys/law enforcement, writers, and other professional linguist, are harmonizing to Gardner, genitive of this type of intelligence at higher degrees than others. Mathematicss and logical thought go manus in manus, in that, both involve abstract thought every bit good as being able to ground both inductively and deductively. Peoples who posses this type of intelligence, like me, normally try to happen logic in about every undertaking that needs to be completed. For illustration, if a professor shows me a math job, I normally look at it a few times and reappraisal in my caput what I have learned so far in how to travel about work outing the job. In this instance I am believing in a logical manner because logics, for me, are being able to interrupt down big constituents to smaller 1s so that one can finish a undertaking easier. This intelligence besides involves how much of a job one can work out, being able to finish mathematical operations, and besides analyzing consequences utilizing scientific attacks. When Gardner talks about this peculiar type of intelligence, he states that one has the ability to see forms and think in a logical mode. Thi s type of intelligence is of import in my personal success because it has helped me, and still does, in being able to go through a math or scientific discipline category without holding to fight. The last type of intelligence that plays a function in accomplishing my ends is intrapersonal. To me, holding this intelligence is a privilege because I enjoy being able to work in groups and doing new friends. When run intoing new people being interpersonal aids me in placing and understand others motivations and intent. It helps me as a pupil because it allows me to work efficaciously with other pupils during group documents or undertakings. It besides helps me understand what the other individual wants and what the cardinal incentive that is maintaining my group together. My personal belief about this peculiar intelligence is that it can avoid differences among a group of persons because they would be able to understand one another and in the occupation industry, particularly these yearss, it is really of import that one learns how to get by with other employees. Peoples working in retail normally have a stronger interpersonal intelligence along with instructors and political figu res. My personal success is my cardinal incentive. Personally my sentiment about Gardner is that he was right about his theory of multiple intelligences because even though he stated each person is different in what type of intelligences he/she possesses, he besides stated that an person ‘s civilization affects our intelligence. Turning up in a society where math and scientific discipline was a large issue, my intelligence in those countries is much higher than it is in something like humanistic disciplines.

Rationales of eu north africa cooperation

IntroductionEurope has strong ties with the North African states which were strengthened through the historical events, peculiarly with the Maghreb. After the Barcelona Process and the creative activity of the planetary Mediterranean partnership, the EU North-African dealingss were opened to an functionary and productive cooperation. However, one could non sabotage the dealingss between the EU and some major states in North Africa prior to the 1995 particularly Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. These three states have historical dealingss with the EU particularly with former colonisers France and Spain. The EU-North African relationship can be traced back to the sixtiess and 1970s by the sign language of economic understandings which were the footing of the new partnership. ; for case, the 1975 conference of security and cooperation between Europe and the Mediterranean states that took topographic point in Helsinki. The being of the European norms and values in the political relations an d determination devising of the Maghreb states helped both sides to develop a longstanding relationship. Additionally, the Moroccan foreign policies were more directed toward Europe than any other part because of the colonial invasion. This paper will analyse the EU North Africa dealingss and the principles behind the cooperation, but before that I will give a theoretical account of the nature of the relationship. Specifying the RelationshipIn the literature of the EU North African dealingss, the construct of dependance is applicable because of the nature of the North-South dealingss between the two parties. The asymmetrical nature of the partnership made the North African states more depending on the EU than the other manner around. â€Å" Dependency is a state of affairs in which the economic system of certain states is conditioned by the development and enlargement of another economic system to which the former is subjected † [ 1 ] . In other words, the dependance of one side is much greater than that of the other side [ 2 ] which consequences in a domination and development of the centre ( North ) to the fringe ( South ) . As a consequence of this cooperation, North Africa is traveling to roll up a much greater costs if the relationship breaks up because the Maghreb exports 67 % and imports 65 % of their entire trade from the EU while the latter exports 2.4 % and imports 2.3 % from their entire mean [ 3 ] . Despite these differences and the insecurity of the Maghreb economic system, the EU has besides major involvements in the part which push some bookmans and research workers to reason that it ‘s a mutuality based relationship. In the undermentioned subdivision, The economic system including agricultural merchandises and energy resources in add-on to such pertainig issues such as commanding migration and terrorist act are the EU principles to be discussed in inside informations in the undermentioned subdivision. EU rationales behind the cooperationEuropean Union rationales vis a vis North African cooperation have different dimensions. The Barcelona Process is one of the major stages that strengthened the EU-North African association although it was a confined to. To understand the grounds behind the European involvement in North Africa, one should travel back to the Euro-Mediterranean conference that took topographic point in Barcelona in 1995 taking at bettering the European Union partnership with the Mediterranean states both the Mashriq and Maghreb. However, due to the US force per unit area on the EU intercession in the Arab-Israeli struggle as a consequence the EU focal point its dealingss on North Africa. The first aim which is the major rational behind EU involvement in North Africa is contending political Islam and terrorist act in the part. Harmonizing to the EU authorities this partnership will make peace and security in the part and hence prevent the rise of extremist Islam in Nor th Africa. The regard of the human rights declaration and the acceptance of democratic values in the part was the surface behind the cooperation. However, the concealed involvement was the fright from the spillover of the Islamist motion and terrorist activities into Europe through migration. The EU concern was to command the part to forestall terrorist act from taking topographic point in the European dirt. The first chief failure to accomplish this end was the 1995 and 1996 terrorist onslaught in Paris that was the consequence of the Gallic support to the Algerian government which was against the FIS ( Islamist Opposition Movement ) , this event is one of the failure of the partnership to protect the European Security [ 4 ] The European were interested in the creative activity of a Free Trade Zone and to develop an economic web with North Africa in order to better the economic sector and production of the Mediterranean states with an emphasize on Maghreb. However, this involvement was good for both parts because it enabled the EU to entree easy the natural resources and agricultural merchandises in North Africa and it helped this latter to export its manufactured goods to the international market. However, if we look at the transit cost North Africa is non profiting every bit much as the EU because of the type of trade goods exported ; for case, the merchandises exported to the EU are much more dearly-won than the 1s imported in footings of transit ( phosphates vs engineering ) . Trade liberalisation in the part was another factor behind the European partnership. This end has been reached in 2000 more specifically in † the Agadir Declaration ofMay 8, 2001, in which the authoritiess ofEgypt, Morocco, and Tunisia made a committedness to regional trade liberalisation. â€Å" [ 5 ] The literatures on this subject argue that the EU foreign policy vis a vis North Africa was taking at advancing human rights, democracy, development in the part. The EU is considered the largest giver in the universe sing supplying assistance particularly to North Africa and one of the largest importers of North African agricultural merchandise ( 67 % of the entire export of the Maghreb Region ) . Based on these elements, the EU is utilizing a soft power scheme to advance their policies and involvements in the part which are more about security and economic than the publicity of human rights and democracy in the part. The purpose of the European Union in holding partnership or association with the Mediterranean states peculiarly the North-African states is to act upon the policies of these states for the EU ‘s benefits. Harmonizing to Youngs commanding North Africa and advancing EU ‘s political orientations and political relations was a manner to demo its power over these part and more loosely the Mediterranean states [ 6 ] . The strong influence of the US in the Middle East and the failure of the EU intercession in this part particularly in the Arab-Israeli struggle pushed the European Union to advance its political orientations and full influence on North Africa. Illegal migration from the South is going a important phenomenon in the European Community. Sub-saharan Africans are utilizing North African states as a span to Europe which starts making serious jobs sing employment and security particularly in Spain and France. Harmonizing to the realist school this cooperation is chiefly to beef up EU laterality alternatively of constructing a part which can be explained by the reluctance of the EU to coerce Euro-Mediterranean partnership aims in footings of democracy and human rights [ 7 ] . However, the undermentioned subdivision analyzes North African principles and chief involvements behind the cooperation with the European Union. North -African RationalesEconomic involvement is the major rational behind Maghreb dealingss with the European Union. European roots existed in North Africa since the colonisation clip peculiarly in Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia. Since that clip the Maghreb part has been beef uping its dealingss with the European Union through understandings and trade cooperation. Tunisia and Morocco were considered emerging states in footings of exports because of the addition of their entire exports to Europe [ 8 ] . In add-on to the benefits that the Maghreb is making from trade with European Union ( 67 % of Maghreb exports ) it ‘s besides making a fragile and insecure economic construction for the part. This can be explained by the economic orientation of the Maghreb towards Europe. The economic involvement of the Maghreb started to be realized in 1969 when the EC signed a trade understanding with Morocco and Tunisia. The major facet qualifying the EU- Maghreb dealingss was independent dialo gues which did non set the Maghreb states in a symmetrical place. Bettering links with Europe was another rational behind the Euro-Maghreb dealingss that resulted in the creative activity of the UMA to hold more weight and negociate jointly with the EU. European fiscal support was major end for North Africa ; nevertheless, between 1995 and 1999 the Mediterranean part received merely five milliards dollars which represent 90 million dollars for each state and most of this fiscal aid went to Egypt and Turkey because for Algeria this fund represent merely some few yearss of oil production [ 9 ] . The literature vis a vis the principles behind the cooperation were more about economic for North Africa. Tunisia and Morocco had the strongest ties with EU as consequence Morocco was the 2nd state subscribing the Euro-Med understanding with the EU after Tunisia. Attracting foreign investing and European assistance to the part was another factor behind the economic involvements of the Maghreb. After the decolonisation procedure the part was developing, as a consequence Maghreb states started a procedure of societal, political, and chiefly economic reforms as a consequence some states in North Africa peculiarly Morocco, strengthened its ties with the EU for some political and societal grounds. North African states were negociating independently with the EU to pull political support for their ain internal issues. Under the context of democratisation and human rights, Morocco is the 2nd big receiving system of EU fiscal support in North Africa because of the societal and political reforms that the state has experienced during the last few old ages. Social development becomes another involvement of Maroc dealingss with Europe as a consequence the EU contributes by 47 % from the Moroccan entire foreign assistance budget. The North African involvement of the cooperation spread out to societal and political involvements. The EU is non satisfied with some North African states po litical reforms such as Tunisia and Algeria but still merchandise and foreign assistance toward these states are non impacted which could clearly explicate the security ground behind the European cooperation with the Maghreb. The partnership started by an economic involvement of Europe in the Maghreb However, after the expansion of the EU, security and political instability become the major cause behind European involvement. After the expansion of the EU, The involvement of North African states in trading with EU was negatively wedged because of the rise of fight from the Eastern European axis particularly in agricultural merchandises. To some extent Algeria had some limited cooperation with the EU due to the political instability in the state. Algeria was one of the North African states that refused to accept the European clause of democracy and human rights of the Barcelona Process. Algeria was non interested in international cooperation every bit much as work outing its ain internal jobs. On the other manus, Algeria had chiefly an economic involvement behind the EU-Maghreb cooperation because it did non accept any European political advice although they were threatened by the EU to diminish the foreign assistance and even win in seting force per unit area on the EU to take conditionality on assistance. Algeria had a great possible six a six energy which made France really flexible sing their dealingss. The EU-Algerian cooperation started to worsen due to the reluctance of Algeria to follow the economic and political reforms. The EU peculiarly France started to go less independent on Algerian energy resources aft er replacing this latter Russian gas and Norse oil. After 2000, Algeria had reduced to some extent the political instability and Islamic menace in the state. To sum up, the North African states had economic involvements behind the cooperation with the EU. However, this involvement has been developed to the extent that it became besides societal, political and secure. The rise of terrorist act in the part non merely threatened the Europe Union but besides the political governments and the publicity democracy in North Africa, as a consequence European fiscal assistance sing peace and security became extremely indispensable and appreciated by North African states. In footings of societal development, developing states rely on foreign assistance because development for them is more foreign than internal issue. However, and since all North African states are non plenty developed, foreign assistance become the major grounds behind the partnership at least for Morocco and Tunisia. From a N orth African position trade and foreign assistance are the chief principles behind the partnership and for the EU it is more about security due to the fright from the spillover of terrorist act to European states. In conformity with the EU accent on security, the International universe criticized the EU for being supportive to the dictatorship in the Maghreb part in order to command the political Islam. DecisionFrom a European position the EU North Africa dealingss are hard to spot because different restraints such as Islam and terrorist act prevent it from booming. In general, the EU is really flexible sing its dealingss with the North African states because they do non utilize difficult power or push authoritiess for political and economical reforms ( the instance of Algeria ) , they merely put these principals at the surface of their dealingss to accomplish their chief aims. Frankly, the EU has made some advancement in accomplishing their ends because now cloak-and-dagger in-migration is more controlled by the North African states and there is a dramatic addition in the flow of the European investors to the part. After analysing both parts interested in the EU North-Africa cooperation, one could chew over that we have a European laterality over the part exemplified by the flow of foreign assistance and direct foreign investings in North Africa peculiarly to Morocco, Tunisia and A lgeria. From a realist position it is an mutuality relationship. However, from a capitalist and economic point of position it is an asymmetric relationship. Regionalization of the Maghreb is one of the grounds behind this dependence, because each state in North Africa is covering with the EU independently. However, I do believe that it is a win-win state of affairs because the EU is indirectly run intoing its involvements through direct investings which will open more occupation chances in the part and hence cut down the flow of migration to Europe. The foreign assistance investing brings benefit to the EU excessively because of the inexpensive labour market. Harmonizing to Youngs democratisation and human rights principals become adopted in North Africa until the EU started funding undertakings sing those issues ; nevertheless, still we are far from being democratic provinces. BibiolgraphyBooks and articles Ahmed Aghout, Nature, Characteristics and Determinants, Ashgate, 2000 Beverley Crawford, the impact of the EU expansion on the Euro-Med Partnership, denim Monnet/Robert Schuman Paper Series, Vol.5 No.23 EU committee 2005 Chabi, Amine. Devloping Maroc -Eu copperation: the Advanced position. Al Akhawayn University Students Research Papers Series, No. 23, 2004. Khaliq, Urfan. Ethical Dimentions of the Foreign Policy of the European Union. Cambridge University Press, 2008. Mario Telo European Union and New Regionalism, Ashgate, 2002 Moussis, Nicholas. Guide to European Policies. Eiropean Study Service, 2007. Rapport General sur l`activite de l`Union Europeenne 2007. Commission Europeenne, 2008. Riffi, Bouhout El Mellouki. La politique Francaise de Cooperation avec les Etats du Maghreb 1955-1987. Published/Toubkal, 1989. Youngs, the European Union and the publicity of democracy, Oxford University Press, 2001 Electronic Beginnings Agn & A ; eacute ; s Chevallier, Francoise Lemoine, Laurence Nayman, L'Union europ & A ; eacute ; enne et SA P & A ; eacute ; riph & A ; eacute ; rie: effects de l'integration commercial, Revue & A ; eacute ; conomique vol.50, N & A ; deg ; 6, novembre 1999 retreived from www.jstor.com Ahmed Aghrout and Keith Sutton, Regional Economic Union in the Maghreb Vol 28, No.1, The Journal of Modern African Studies, 1990. Barcelona Declaration and the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. Europa sum-ups of EU statute law 2005 retreived from hypertext transfer protocol: //europa.eu/legislation_summaries/external_relations/relations_with_third_countries/mediterranean_partner_countries/r15001_en.htm Fathallah Oualalou, La Communaut & A ; eacute ; Economique Europ & A ; eacute ; enne et le Maroc, Vol.17, No.2 Institute of African Affairs at GIGA, Hamburg/Germany, 1982. Smail Goumeziene, Euro Maghreb entre deux Eaux, Alegria Watch Paris, 2002